Management of yam anthracnose and leaf spot diseases in seed yam production using fungicides
Keywords:
AUDPC, Bordeaux mixture, disease control, economic benefit, tuber yieldAbstract
Yam anthracnose and leaf spot diseases are important diseases observed during seed production in Ghana. Management of these diseases with Bordeaux mixture, Carbendazim and Thiophanate methyl were evaluated at two locations (Ejura and Fumesua) and benefits of their applications established. When disease incidence was 3-5 Per cent, fungicides were applied in the field at respective dosages of 750, 292 and 413 g/ha of active ingredient using 15 L knapsack sprayers. Each fungicide was applied at bi-weekly (i.e. applied every two weeks) and four-weekly (i.e. applied every four weeks)for two months. Disease severity was assessed every two weeks using a scale of 0-11 and converted into percentage Disease progress curves were drawn, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) calculated and tuber yield determined. Partial budgeting was used to assess economic gains of each fungicide. Fungicides differed (p<0.05) in terms of disease severity and tuber yield. All fungicides significantly reduced AUDPCs compared with the control. Bordeaux mixture at bi-weekly interval resulted in tuber yield of 2,662.9 kg/ha which was higher than yield obtained as a result of application of Carbendazim (2,390.20 kg/ha), Thiophanate methyl (2,146.8 kg/ha) and control (2,085.8 kg/ha). Four-weekly application frequency showed similar trends for all treatments. The application of Bordeaux mixture and Carbendazim at four-weekly interval showed positive values of net income whereas Thiophanate methyl did not. Thus, four-weekly application of Bordeaux mixture and Carbendazim applied at the onset of the diseases is recommended to seed yam farmers.References
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