Nutrient availability and nutrient uptake as influenced by the post emergence application of herbicide mixtures
Keywords:
Bispyribac sodium metamifop, Grain yield, Nutrient availability, Nutrient uptake, Penoxsulam cyhalofop butyl, Weed density, Weed dry weightAbstract
Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of herbicide mixtures viz., bispyribac sodium + metamifop and penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl on nutrient availability in soil, nutrient uptake by crop, nutrient removal by weeds and grain yield of direct seeded rice at Upanniyoor Padashekaram, Nemom block, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Eleven weed control treatments along with weedy check were laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that the lowest weed density, weed dry weight and nutrient uptake by weeds were observed in penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl @ 135 g ha-1. Compared to weedy check, herbicide treatments reduced the N removal by weeds to the tune of 89.04 to 99.22 per cent and 89.67 to 99.36 per cent respectively at 60 DAS during Kharif 2014 and Rabi 2014-15 seasons. Phosphorus removal by weeds has been reduced to the tune of 70.59 to 98.04 per cent and K removal has been reduced to the tune of 86.22 to 99.42 per cent respectively at 60 DAS during Kharif and Rabi seasons. Among the different doses of bispyribac sodium + metamifop, its higher dose (90 g ha-1) was more effective in reducing the weed density and dry weight and nutrient depletion by weeds. Due to significant reduction in weed density and weed dry weight, penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl @ 135, 130 and 125 g ha-1, bispyribac sodium + metamifop @ 90, 80 and 70 g ha-1 and penoxsulam applied alone recorded higher availability of N, P and K in soil and uptake of these nutrients by the rice crop. The weed management practices enhanced the grain yield from 4285 to 8295 kg ha-1 during first crop season and from 4240 to 8889 kg ha-1 during second crop season with 48.34 and 52.30 per cent increase in yield respectively over weedy check. During Kharif 2014, penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl at 130 g ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield which was statistically on par with penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl at 135 g ha-1 and 125 g ha-1. However, during Rabi 2014-15, penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl at 135 g ha-1 recorded the highest grain yield which was significantly superior to all other treatments. Hence, post emergence application of penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl @ 135 and 130 g ha-1 on 15 DAS can be recommended for the better control of weeds, nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by the crop and higher grain yield in wet direct seeded rice.References
Babar, S.R. and Velayutham, A. 2012. Weed management practices on nutrient uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice under system of rice intensification. Madras Agric. J. 99: 51-54.
Dayaram, R.N. 2013. Bio-efficacy of post-emergence micro herbicides in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.).M.Sc. (Ag) thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, p134.
Gowda, P.T., Govindappa, M., Kalyana Murthy, K.N., Shankaraiah, C. and Jnanesha, A.C. 2009.Effect of herbicides and cultural treatments on uptake of major nutrients by crop and weeds under aerobic rice cultivation.J. Crop Weed 5: 326-329.
Hasanuzzaman M., Ali, M.H., Akther, M. and Alam, K.F. 2009. Evaluation of pre-emergence herbicide and hand weeding on the weed control efficiency and performance of transplanted Aus rice. Am. Eurasian J. Agron.2: 138-143
Jackson, M.L. 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 498p.
Jacob, G., Menon, M.V. and Abraham, C.T. 2014.Comparative efficacy of new herbicides in direct seeded rice. J. Trop. Agric. 52: 174-177.
Jayadeva, H.M., Bhairappanavar, S.T., Hugar, A.Y., Rangaswamy, B.R., Mallikarjun, G.B., Malleshappa, C. and Naik, D.C. 2011. Integrated weed management in aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.). Agric. Sci. Digest.31: 58-61.
KAU [Kerala Agricultural University] 2011. Package of Practices Recommendations: Crops (14th Ed.). Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 360p.
Kumar, J., Singh, D., Puniya, R. and Pandey, P.C. 2010. Effect of weed management practices on nutrient uptake by direct seeded rice. Oryza 4: 291-294.
Kumawat, R.N., Napalia, V and Jat, L.N. 1998. Effect of 2, 4-D isoproturon mixture and sowing methods on wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) productivity. Indian J. Weed Sci. 30: 194-196.
Mali, M.K., Meena, R.H., Sharma, S.K., Jat, G. and Purohit, H.S. 2015. Effect of phosphorous rich compost with and without PSB and vermiculture on growth, yield and economics of maize (Zea mays L.). Ann. Agric. Res. New Series 36: 299-303.
Mallikarjun, Channabasavanna, A.S., Saunshi, S. and Shrinivas, C.S. 2014. Effect of herbicides on weed control and yield of wet seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The Bioscan 9: 581-583.
Mohan, K.S., Muniyappa, T.V., Kalyanamurthy, K.N., Ramesha, Y.M. and Savitha, H.R. 2010. Effect of chemical weed control on growth and yield of direct seeded puddled rice (OryzasativaL.). Int. J. Agri. Sci. 6: 471-474.
Nath, C.P., Saha, M., Pandey, P.C., Das, T.K., Meena, R.K. and Paul, T. 2014.Bio efficacy evaluation of different herbicides on weed population, grain yield and nutrient uptake in direct seeded puddled rice (Oryza sativa L.). Ann. Agric. Res. New Series 35: 217-223.
Payman, G. and Singh, S. 2008. Effect of seed rate, spacing and herbicide use on weed management in direct seeded puddled rice. Indian J. Weed Sci. 40: 11-15.
Phuong, L.T., Denich, M., Vlek, P.L.G. and Balasubramanian. 2005. Suppressing weeds in direct-seeded lowland rice: Effects of methods and rates of seeding. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 191: 185-194.
Raj, S.K., Mathew, R., Jose, N. and Leenakumary, S. 2013. Evaluation of early post emergence and post emergence herbicides on weed control and productivity of direct-seeded puddled rice in Kuttanad. Madras. Agric. J. 100: 738-742.
Ramachandra, C., Krishnamurthy, R. and Ningaraju, G.K. 2015.Effect of penoxsulam + cyhalofop butyl on weed control of transplanted rice in Cauvery command areas of Karnataka. In: Shetty, S.V.R., Prasad, T.V.R., Chinnusamy, C., Sanjay, M.T., Sondhia, S. and Kumar, S.(eds), Proceedings of the Twenty fifth Asian-Pacific Weed Science Conference (Volume 111 poster papers), 13-16 October 2015, Hyderabad, India, Indian Weed Science Society, Jabalpur, pp.84.
Raju, R.A. and Reddy, K.A. 1992.Comparison of application methods for chemical weed control in rice. Field Crop Abstr. 46: 875-993.
Ramamoorthy, B., Narasimhan, R.L., and Dinesh, R.S. 1967. Fertilizer application for specific yield targets on Sonara 64. Indian Farming 17: 43-45.
Ramamoorthy, K., Arokiaraj, A. and Balsubramanian, A. 1998. Effect of irrigation and chemical weed control on crop yields and nutrient uptake by upland rice and associated weeds under rice-black gram intercropping system. Oryza 33: 264-268.
Sasna, S. 2014. Evaluation of the new generation herbicide penoxsulam in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.).M.Sc. (Ag) thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 110 p.
Subbiah, D. V. and Asija, G.L. 1956. Rapid procedure for estimation of available nitrogen in soil. Curr. Sci. 25: 259-260.
Yadav, R and Singh, D.1997. Effect of soya bean on chemical composition, nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 18: 183-186.
Yadav, P.I.P. 2006. Bio-efficacy and residual effect of the new generation herbicide pyrazosulfuron ethyl in transplanted rice. Ph.D, thesis, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 207p.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © 2001-11 Kerala Agricultural University. Some rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Kerala Agricultural University and the following terms and conditions apply to their use; Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Permission may be sought directly from the Editor, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture,, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU PO, Thrissur 680 656, Kerala, India. (Phone: +91-487-2438325; Fax +91-487-2371040; E-mail: editor.jta@kau.in. Derivative works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products, liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.