Optimization and modelling of microwave-assisted aqueous extraction for enhanced recovery of phenolic and tannin compounds from tulsi leaves
Abstract
The present study investigates the effectiveness of aqueous extraction using microwaves (MAAE) for isolating phenoliccompounds from tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum). Independent factors, including microwave power (280–580 W), treatmentduration (20–60 seconds), and leaf-to-water ratio (1:40–1:60), were modelled and optimized using Box–Behnken designand response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization process identified the ideal conditions as 1:60 leaf-to-waterratio, 580 W microwave power and 40 seconds of extraction time, resulting in significant yields of total phenolic(TPL) andtannin (TTN) contents. The reliability and accuracy of the regression model were confirmed through statistical analyses,including ANOVA and various error metrics. The study highlights the advantages of MAAE of polyphenols from tulsileaves demonstrating its potential as a sustainable substitute forconventional extraction techniques. Tulsi leaves wereidentified as a rich supply of bioactive components, contributing to by-product valorization and promoting environmentalsustainability. These findings underscore the applicability of this method in producing value-added products, with promisingprospects for scale-up and integration into the pharmaceutical and food sectors.
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