Phenotypic diversity and performance of agro-nutritional characters in okra germplasm collection from Nigeria
Keywords:
Accessions, Characterization, Improvement, Plant breeding, VariationAbstract
Phenotypic characterization of 29 okra accessions kept in the National Horticultural Research Institute gene bank was done along with a local check variety. The study assessed the magnitude of variability in the agronomic traits, nutritional and physicochemical properties of okra accessions. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, in the derived savanna agro-ecology of Nigeriain a 6×5 alpha lattice designs replicated three times. The analysis of variance showed highly significant (P< 0.001) differences for 22 characters, and the results confirms the okra accessions as potential source of nutrients. Fruit weight per plot ranged from 27.2 g to 1893.1 g and showed a positive significant correlation with leaf length (r = 0.47), leaf width (r = 0.48), fruit width (r = 0.26), and number of fruits per plant (r = 0.62). Principal component analysis showed that the first nine components had eigenvalues >1 and explained 81.73 % of the total variation among the okra accessions. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into three major clusters. The phenotypic diversity observed in this study may be exploited in the selection of parental lines for hybridization when breeding okra for yield and nutritional quality.References
Adams, Z.S., Wireko-Manu, F.D., Agbenorhevi, J. and Oduro, I. 2019. Improved yam-baobab-tamarind flour blends: Its potential use in extrusion cooking. Sci. Afr., 6: e00126.
Adetuyi, F.O., Osagie, A.U. and Adekunle, A.T. 2011. Nutrient, antinutrient, mineral and zinc bioavailability of okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench variety. American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 1(2):49-54.
Adiger, S., Shanthkumar, G., Gangashetty, P.I. and Salimath, P.M. 2011. Association studies in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Electron. J. Plant Breed., 2(4):568-573.
Ahiakpa, J.K., Kaledzi, P.D., Adi, E.B., Peprah, S. and Dapaah, H.K. 2013. Genetic diversity, correlation and path analyses of okra (Abelmoschus spp L.) germplasm collected in Ghana. Int. J. Sustain. Dev., 2(2):1396-1415.
Alake, C.O. 2020. Traits associated with pod yield, seed Fe, and Zn contents in Okra landraces: a path analysis. Int. J. Veg. Sci., 26(6):573-590.
Amoatey, H.M., Ahiakpa, J.K., Quartey, E.K., Segbefia, M.M., Doku, H.A., Sossah, F.L. and Klu, G.Y.P. 2015. Agromorphological characterisation of 29 accessions of okra (Abelmoschus spp L.). J. biol., 5(4):6-16.
Antia, B.S., Akpan, E.J., Okon, P.A. and Umoren, I.U. 2006. Nutritive and anti-nutritive evaluation of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) leaves. Pak. J. Nutr., 5(2):166-168.
Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E. and Welsch, R.E. 2005. Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 211p.
Carmen de Vicente, M., Felix Alberto, G., Engels, J. and Ramanatha, V.R. 2006. Genetic characterization and its use in decision-making for the conservation of crop germplasm. In The role of biotechnology in exploring and protecting agricultural genetic resources, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy. pp. 128-138.
Chheda, H.R. and Fatokun, C.A. 1982. Numerical analysis of variation patterns in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench). Bot. gaz., 143(2):253-261.
Combo, A.M., Dakia, P.A., Niaba, K.P.V., Traoré, N. and Beugré, G.A.M. 2020. Assessment of chemical composition and nutritional value of some varieties of okra available in the market of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire). Asian J. Agric. Food Sci., 8(3):18-27.
Duggi, S., Magadum, S., Srinvasraghavan, A., Kishor, D.S. and Oommen, S.K. 2013. Genetic analysis of yield and yield-attributing characters in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.). Int. J. Agric. Environ. Biotechnol., 6(1):45-50.
Dϋzyaman, E. 2005. Phenotypic diversity within a collection of distinct okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivars derived from Turkish land races. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 52(8):1019-1030.
Edem, C.A., Dosunmu, M.I. and Bassey, F.I. 2009. Determination of proximate composition, ascorbic acid and heavy metal content of African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum). Pak. J. Nutr., 8(3):225-226.
Falconer, D.S. and Mackay, T.F.C. 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics. 4th Ed. Longman, London, 464p.
Fatokun, C.A., Aken’ova, M.F. and Chheda, H.R. 1979. Supernumerary inflorescence: a mutation of agronomic significance in okra. J. Hered., 70(4):270-271.
Gemede, H.F., Haki, G.D., Beyene, F., Woldegiorgis, A.Z. and Rakshit, S.K. 2016. Proximate, mineral, and antinutrient compositions of indigenous okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) pod accessions: implications for mineral bioavailability. Food Sci. Nutr., 4 (2):223-233.
Gerrano, A.S. 2018. Agronomic performance, nutritional phenotyping and trait associations of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes in South Africa. In Rediscovery of landraces as a resource for the future. 69p.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 690p.
Graham, R.D., Welch, R.M., Saunders, D.A., Ortiz-Monasterio, I., Bouis, H.E., Bonierbale, M., De Haan, S., Burgos, G., Thiele, G., Liria, R., Meisner, C.A., Beebe, S.E., Pott, M.J., Kadian, M., Hobbs, P.R., Gupta, R.K. and Twomlow, S. 2007. Nutritious subsistence food systems. Adv. Agron., 92:1-74.
Hamon, S. and Van Sloten, D.H. 1989. Characterization and evaluation of okra. In Brown, A.H.D. (ed), The use of plant genetic resources, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp 173-174.
Hughes, J. 2009. Just famine foods? What contributions can underutilized plants make to food security? Acta Hortic., 806:39-48.
IPGRI. 1991. Okra Descriptor list In International Crop Network Series 5. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR), Rome, Italy.
James, C.S. 1995. Analytical chemistry of foods. Chapman and Hall publishers, New York, USA, 180p.
Jan, S.A., Shinwari, Z.K., Rabbani, M.A., Niaz, I.A. and Shah, S.H. 2017. Assessment of quantitative agro-morphological variations among Brassica rapa diverse populations. Pak. J. Bot. 49(2):561-567.
Kumar, S., Dagnoko, S., Haougui, A., Ratnadass, A. Pasternak, D. and Kouame, C. 2010. Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) in West and Central Africa: Potential and progress on its improvement. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 5(25):3590-3598.
Mahajan, R.K., Bisht, I.S., Agrawal, R.C. and Rana, R.S. 1996. Studies on South Asian okra collection: methodology for establishing a representative core set using characterization data. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 43(3):249-255.
Mallikarjun, D., Allolli, T.B., Hulihalli, U.K. and Athani, S.I. 2010. Genetic diversity studies in kharif onion (Allium cepa var. cepa L.). Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 23(5):811-812.
Massucato, L.R., Nakamura, K.K., Ruas, P.M., Zeffa, D.M., da Silva, D.J.H. and Gonçalves, L.S.A. 2020. Genetic diversity among Brazilian okra landraces detected by morphoagronomic and molecular descriptors. Acta Sci. Agron., 42: e43426.
Muhammad, R.S., Muhammad, A., Khurram, Z., Muhammad, M.J. Saeed, A. Qumer, I. and Aamir, N. 2013. Growth, yield and seed production of okra as influenced by different growth regulators. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 50(3):387-392.
Myanmar, A.K. 1995. Evaluation of Okra Germplasm. In ARC-AVRDC Training Report, pp 55-76.
Ngomuo, M., Stoilova, T., Feyissa, T. and Ndakidemi, P.A. 2017. Characterization of morphological diversity of jute mallow (Corchorus spp.) Int. J. Agron., 2017:1-12.
Nyadanu, D., Amoah, R.A., Kwarteng, A.O., Akromah, R., Aboagye, L.M., Adu-Dapaah, H., Dansi, A., Lotsu, F. and Tsama, A. 2017. Domestication of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.): ethnobotany, production constraints and phenomics of local cultivars in Ghana. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol., 64(6):1313-1329.
Ofori, J., Tortoe, C. and Agbenorhev, J.K. 2020. Physicochemical and functional properties of dried okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed flour. Food Sci. Nutr., 8(8):4291-4296.
Onyeike, E.N., Olungwe, T. and Uwakwe, A.A. 1995. Effect of heat treatment and defatting on the proximate composition of some Nigerian local soup thickners. Food Chem., 53(2):173-175.
Oppong-Sekyere, D., Akromah, R., Nyamah, E.Y., Brenya, E. and Yeboah, S. 2012. Evaluation of some okra (Abelmoschus spp L.) germplasm in Ghana. Afr. J. Plant Sci., 6(5):166-178.
Patil, P., Sutar, S., Joseph, J.K., Malik, S., Rao, S., Yadav, S. and Bhat, K.V. 2015. A systematic review of the genus Abelmoschus (Malvaceae). Rheedea, 25(1):14-30.
Petropoulos, S., Fernandes, A., Barros, L. and Ferreira, I.C.F.R. 2018. Chemical composition, nutritional value and antioxidant properties of Mediterranean okra genotypes in relation to harvest stage. Food Chem., 242:466-474.
Sami, R., Lianzhou, J., Yang, L., Ma, Y. and Jing, J. 2013. Evaluation of fatty acid and amino acid compositions in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) grown in different geographical locations. Biomed Res. Int., 4:1-6.
SAS Institute Inc. 2010. Statistical Analysis Software Release 9.3. User’s Guide. SAS Inst., Cary, NC.
Sathish, D. and Eswar, A. 2013. A review on: Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra). Int. Res. J. Pharm. Appl. Sci., 3(4):129-132.
Sharma, R.K. and Prasad, K. 2010. Classification of promising okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes based on principal component analysis. J. Trop. Agric. Food Sci., 38(2):161-169.
Shimelis, A.E., Meaza, M. and Rakshit, S. 2006. Physico-chemical properties, pasting of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties grown in East Africa. CIGR e-journals 8:1-18.
Shivaramegowda, K.D., Krishnan, A., Jayaramu, Y.K., Kumar, V. and Koh, H.J. 2016. Genotypic variation among okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) germplasms in South India. Plant Breed. Biotechnol., 4(2):234-241.
Steel, R.G. and Torrie, J.H. 1985. Biostatistics: Principles and Procedures, 2nd Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, USA.
Sunil, N., Sivaraj, N., Pandravada, S.R., Kamala, V., Raghuram Reddy, P. and Varaprasad, K.S. 2009. Genetic and geographical divergence in horsegram germplasm from Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant Genet. Resour., 7(1):84-87.
Sunil, N., Vinod, K., Sivaraj, N., Kamala, V. and Someswara, R.P. 2014. Evaluation and diversity observed in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (lam) verdc.) germplasm from Andhra Pradesh, India. Int. J. Plant Res., 4(1):17-22.
Temam, N., Mohamed, W. and Aklilu, S. 2020. Agro morphological characterization and evaluation of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] genotypes for yield and other variability components at Melkassa, Central Ethiopia. MOJ ecol. environ. sci., 5 (2):80-87.
Vandana, U., Sharma, S.K., Kumar, R., Kumar, V. and Sharma, A. 2014. Genetic variability and divergence analysis in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). HortFlora Res., 3(2):127-132.
Yora, M., Syukur, M. and Sobir, S. 2018. Characterization of phytochemicals and yield components in various okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes. Biodivers. J., 19(6):2323-2328.
Znidarcic, D., Dean, B. and Helena, S. 2011. Carotenoid and chlorophyll composition of commonly consumed leafy vegetables in Mediterranean countries. Food Chem., 129(3):1164-1168.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © 2001-11 Kerala Agricultural University. Some rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Kerala Agricultural University and the following terms and conditions apply to their use; Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Permission may be sought directly from the Editor, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture,, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU PO, Thrissur 680 656, Kerala, India. (Phone: +91-487-2438325; Fax +91-487-2371040; E-mail: editor.jta@kau.in. Derivative works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products, liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.