In vitro study on the effectiveness of fungicides and bioagents against three new fungal pathogens in small cardamom [Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton]
Keywords:
Cardamom, Phoma sp., Sarocladium kiliense, Marsmiellus sp., fungicides, biocontrol agentsAbstract
Three new fungal diseases caused by Phoma sp., Sarocladium kiliense and Marasmiellus sp. affecting cardamom have been reported from various parts of cardamom hill reserves of Idukki district in Kerala. An attempt was made to study the effectiveness of two contact, five systemic and four combination fungicides and biocontrol agents against these pathogens under in vitro conditions. Fungicides under triazole group (Propiconazole 0.1% and Hexaconazole 0.1%) and the combination products viz., Captan + Hexaconazole (0.05%) and Propiconazole+ Difenaconazole (0.1%) showed complete inhibition of the growth of Phoma sp. The maximum inhibition (100%) in the mycelial growth of S. kiliense was observed with the fungicides Mancozeb (0.3%), Carbendazim (0.1%), Propiconazole (0.1%) and Hexaconazole (0.1%), and the combination products Captan + Hexaconazole (0.05%), Propiconazole+ Difenaconazole (0.1%) and Carbendazim + Mancozeb (0.25%). The mycelial inhibition of Marasmiellus sp. was highest with the chemicals Mancozeb (0.3%), Copper oxychloride (0.2%), Propiconazole (0.1%) and Hexaconazole (0.1%), and combination products Captan + Hexaconazole (0.05%) and Propiconazole+ Difenaconazole (0.1%). The biocontrol agent Trichoderma sp. (MTCC 5694) also showed better antagonism (>55%) against all the three pathogens when compared to Pseudomonas fluorescens (PN025).References
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