Exports of vegetables from India: An economic analysis
Keywords:
Vegetable exports, Growth, Instability, Non-Tariff Measures, Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary regulationsAbstract
The study analyses the export performance of vegetables from India in terms of instability and concentration and also the major Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) that limit India’s export prospects. The export of vegetables has grown significantly during the period from 1988 to 2016, both in quantity and value terms. Onion ranked top among all the major vegetables exported from India both in terms of quantity and value and the country accounted for 9.4 per cent share in the world export of onions. The export of the major vegetables from India also showed declining instability and increasing commodity as well as geographic diversification. The most stable markets for major vegetables exported from India were Nepal, Belgium, Pakistan, Mauritius, Oman, UAE, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. Major NTMs include differential Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) for pesticides, equivalence agreement on organic products, protocol on phyto-sanitary measures and organic certification mostly required by the developed countries, which are to be negotiated strategically for better export prospects and sustainability. The inherent issues on the supply side also need to be addressed for maintaining the already achieved growth in the export of vegetables.References
Aksoy, A.M. and Beghin, C. John. 2005. Global Agricultural Trade and Developing Countries. World Bank: 237-257[On-line].Available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/IN
TPROSPECTS/Resources/GATFrontMatter.pdf., 11 Feb 2016.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Altman, J, C. 1976. Measuring export instability and its causes: Comment [On-line]. Available:ttps://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ve=AOvVaw0Xft10jtzNQg8LL1AC9Lhx., 25 Nov 2017.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority). Non-Tariff Barriers Faced by Indian Agricultural Products [On-line]. Available at: http: //www.apeda.gov.in., 20 Dec 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Atkin, M. and Blandford, D. 1982. Structural changes in import-shares for apple and in the UK. European Journal Agricultural Economics, 9(1): 313-326.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chandra, P. and A. Kar. 2006. Issues and solutions for fresh fruit export in India, A study by ICAR Division of Post Harvest Technology, pp.17-23.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXIM [Export Import] Bank of India. 2013. EXIM Bank’s study on Indian Horticulture- Imperatives to enhance trade from INDIA. Vol. 17(6):1.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization), n.d., Important Commodities in Agricultural Trade: Fruits and Vegetables. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-y4852e/y4852e13.htm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ghodsi, M., Jokubauskaite, S., and Stehrer, R. 2015. Non-Tariff Measures and the quality of the imported products [On-line]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31
_Non-Tariff_Measures_and_the_quality_of_imported_products., 16 Nov2017.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
GoI (Government of India). 2015. Horticultural Statistics at a Glance 2015. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, New Delhi,8p.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gupta, M, L. and Garg, R. 2012. Problems and prospects of agricultural exports in the emerging scenario. International J. Res. Commerce Mgmt., 03(09): 59-61.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ICRIER (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations) 2017. India’s exports of food products: food safety related issues and way forward. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, pp.41-42.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idris, S., Singh, A. and Praveen, K.V. 2015. Trade competitiveness and impact of food safety regulations on market access of India’s horticultural trade. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 28(2): 301-309
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joshy, P. R. 1997. Trends and structural behaviour of Indian exports. Discovery Publishing House, New Delhi, 173p.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Lee, T.C., Judge, G.G. and Zellener, A. 1970. Estimating the Parameters of the Probability Model from Aggregate Time Series Data. North Holland Publishing Company.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Love, J. 2005. Trade concentration and export instability. In: Smith, S. and Toye, J. (eds), Trade and poor economies, Taylor and Francis e- library, England [On-line]. Available: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=31GQAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false, 25 Nov 2017.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mohan, S. 2016. How important are tariffs and nontariff measures for developing countries’ agricultural processed products exports? [On-line]. Available: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uactIUPz6SEphUFDG.,16 Nov 2017.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sarada, C., Ravisankar, T., Krishnan and Anandanarayanan, C. 2006. Indian seafood exports: Issues of instability, commodity concentration and geographic spread. Ind. J. Agrl. Econ., 61(2): 238-252.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sengupta, S. and Roy, S.S. 2011. Behaviour of India’s horticultural exports: does price competitiveness play a determining role? Ind. J. Agrl. Econ., Vol. 66(2): 230-241.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sidhu. R. S. 2013. Rapporteur’s Report on Agribusiness/ Trade Opportunities for Inclusive Growth. Ind. Jn. of Agri. Econ., 68(3): 523-533.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
TPCI [Trade Promotion Council of India]. 2016. TPCI home page [On-line]. Available: www.tpci.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Indias-Food-Agri-Export_2016.pdf.,[25Nov2017]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------TRALAC [Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa]. 2010. Determining the scope and nature of non-tariff measures prevalent in selected international markets. Report prepared by TRALAC, Southern Africa [on-line]. Available: http://www.namc.co.za/upload/other_trade
_publications/Non-Tariff%20Measures%20affecting%20SA%20agric%20exports.Pdf., 23 Nov 2017.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). 2013. Non-Tariff Measures to Trade: Economic and Policy Issues for Developing Countries. United Nation’s Publication. Available at: http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/ditctab20121_en.pdf, [16 Nov2017].
-------------------------------------------------------------------
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). 2017. Key statistics and tends in trade policy: 2016. United Nation’s Publication [On-line]. Available at: unctad.org/en/pages/Publication Webflyer.aspx? publicationid=1676., 25 Nov. 2017.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
World Bank. 2007. From competition at home to competition abroad: A case study of India’s horticulture, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
WTO (World Trade Organization). Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal [On-line]. Available at: https://i-tip.wto.org/goods/default.aspx? Language=en., 25 Nov. 2017.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
www.wits.org
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright © 2001-11 Kerala Agricultural University. Some rights reserved. This journal and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Kerala Agricultural University and the following terms and conditions apply to their use; Photocopying Single photocopies of single articles may be made for personal use as allowed by national copyright laws. Permission of the publisher and payment of a fee is required for all other photocopying including multiple or systematic copying, copying for advertising or promotional purposes, resale, and all forms of document delivery. Permission may be sought directly from the Editor, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, College of Horticulture,, Kerala Agricultural University, KAU PO, Thrissur 680 656, Kerala, India. (Phone: +91-487-2438325; Fax +91-487-2371040; E-mail: editor.jta@kau.in. Derivative works Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution. Permission of the Publisher is required for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products, liability, negligence, or otherwise, or from any use of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.